Love, Death and the Changing of the Seasons - 1077 Words

The majority of poems and sonnets we have read, starting back from the first sonnet to today’s modern writers. They can be said to describe as a moment’s monument. As they describe a time of hurt, happiness or a memory in that was once enjoyed that has been put into words. I am going to discuss the meaning behind, what a moment’s monument is. I am also going to find out between two sonnets, The Forge and Love deaths and the changing of the season. Weather they answer the question â€Å"the sonnet has been described as a moment’s monument’. What is the meaning of a moment, it can mean so many things. Mainly it is described as a setting to a time in someone’s life. A moment in time that has been remembered, it could be happy, sad moment or an†¦show more content†¦This is shown in line nine when it is said â€Å"where he expends himself in shape and music†, we know this as he references to the guy as ‘he’ not ‘I’. The monument within this sonnet could also be considered a moment the lines twelve and thirteen shows a good example when it says â€Å"recalls a clatter of hoofs where traffic is flashing in rows.† Demonstrating it’s a memory that a moment in time that he recorded of when the streets where once surrounded with horse and remembering the sound of their shoes clattering on the roads, but now it is taken over by car and traffic lights. The structure of the sonnet is a fourteen line sonnet. The rhyme pattern of this sonnet is an Italian sonnet. The Italian sonnets are in the pattern of lines that are divided into eight and six. It can be put lines one to eight is the person watching the daily routine completed by the Blacksmith and him going about his everyday activities. Then line nine to fourteen is the person watching the Blacksmith reminisce on the past and then getting upset and returning to his work. The poem is the normal iambic pentameter, but it is used responsively, for a good outcome. For example in the very first line we already get words like dark, which is a powerful word on its own Both The Forge and Love, Death and the changing of the seasons are sonnets that are a moment’s monument. The both describe a moment in time. Weather it is a loss of a lover or a working day. They bothShow MoreRelatedSonnet 73 By William Shakespeare1156 Words   |  5 Pagesa whole is an extended metaphor for the aging and process and death; however, it is broken into three smaller metaphors all supporting the speaker’s impending end of life through the process of aging. Natural aspects- winter, twilight, and fire- are presented as an extended metaphor for the the thematic undertone of aging and death. Nature alone is emblematic of the process of aging throughout one’s life. Nature is always changing, just as humans are never the same in one second to the nextRead More Essay on Metaphors for Death in Shakespeares Sonnet 73543 Words   |  3 PagesMetaphors for Death in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 William Shakespeares Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou Mayest in Me Behold is a sonnet that examines the fears and anxieties that surround growing old and dying -- a topic that resonates within us all. Shakespeares use of metaphor to illustrate decay and passing are striking, and sets a somber tone throughout. He uses the season of Fall, the coming of night, and the burning out of a flame as metaphors for old age and death, and then uses theRead MoreSonnet 73 And A Valediction : Forbidding Mourning1647 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding love and the death, although, it can be argued, that these ideas are portrayed in different ways. Sonnet 73 exhibits the notion of death through the natural act of ageing. As well as, highlighting death through ageing, Shakespeare highlights death through pastoral elements such as seasons of the year. However, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning puts forth the idea regarding love through figurative language, metaphors and other imagery techniques of the i nevitability of death. Through theseRead MoreThe Poem I Have By John Keats1267 Words   |  6 Pagestrouble saying goodbye to a season? However, this makes sense because the poem goes in detail of the stages of the seasons and of how the fruit dies off. The connection I received from this was the theme of death. His parents died and he had to obviously say goodbye. This can be tough, especially on a child. In the poem, he speaks vividly of the death stage of the seasons and the attitude portrayed is sad or even angry. This could be emotions Keats’ channeled from the death of his parents, but likeRead MoreShakespeares Sonnet 181392 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sonnet 18, Shakespeare shows his audience that his love will be preserved through his eternal lines of poetry by comparing his love and poetry with a summers day. Shakespeare then uses personification to emphasize these comparisons and make his theme clearer to his audience. Shakespeare also uses repetition of single words and ideas throughout the sonnet in order to stress the theme that his love and poetry are eternal, unlike other aspects of the natural world. Using the devices of metaphorRead MoreSonnet 73 : Love, Death, And Immortality Through Words1461 Words   |  6 PagesSonnet 73: Love, Death, and Immortality Through Words Shakespeare’s sonnets portray a multitude of different emotions during different times of the narrator’s life. In Sonnet 73, Shakespeare’s main emotion is sadness because he is aging and will soon no longer be able to write the poetry about the person he is talking to throughout the sonnet. While he has many different kinds of poems with different emotions, his theme of this love for this person comes across throughout many of them. He seems toRead More My Antonia Essay: Theme of Separation1004 Words   |  5 PagesCather develops her theme of separation through death, the changing seasons, characters leaving and the process of growing apart. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Cather sets the tone of the story at the very beginning; a young Jim Burdens parents have died leaving him to go to Nebraska to live with his grandparents. Right from the start Cather plants the seeds of abandonment, with the finality of death, in Jims life. When he arrives in Nebraska he isRead MoreComparison between Afternoons and An Arundel Tomb761 Words   |  4 Pagesdo so in different contexts. ‘Afternoons’ depicts the continuation of life and subsequent passing of time through illustration of changing roles from a relatively carefree character to a young mother who must fully adopt this new identity and the life changes the title entails. ‘The leaves fall in ones and twos’ is representative of the gradual nature of this changing identity which contrasts to the relatively significant transition the young mother experiences. However ‘leaves’ is use of naturalRead MoreAccident by Todd Davis721 Words   |  3 Pagesshowed this through a seasonal metaphor. The narrator of the poem talks about weather changing and getting better, providing the metaphor. The weather getting warmer and the arrival of spring symbolizes new life and a new start. The narrator ponders, â€Å"I’m not sure/ why he couldn’t wait,† then later talks about blossoms opening (Davis 787, 4-5). This quote and other hints about spring are discussing how the new season is bringing new hope for many. The narrator says that â€Å"we understand/ the ones whoRead More The Red Pony: Death and Rebirth Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Red Pony:   Death and Rebirth The pony still lay on his side and the wound in his throat bellowed in and out. When Jody saw how dry and dead the hair looked, he knew at last that there was no hope for the pony . . .he had seen it [the dead hair] before, and he knew it was a sure sign for death. In Steinbecks The Red Pony. death played an intricate role in the life of Jody, an adolescent farmers child. With the reoccurring theme of deaths association with violence, we are eventually enabled

Much Ado About Nothing - The Importance Of Noting Essay

Discuss The Importance Of Noting In Much Ado About Nothing Noting, or observing, is central to many of the ideas in Much Ado About Nothing. The word nothing was pronounced as noting in Elizabethan times, and it seems reasonable to presume that the pun was intended by Shakespeare to signal the importance of observation, spying and eavesdropping in the play. As a plot device, these occurrences propel the action and create humour and tension. The perils of noting incorrectly are portrayed and this leads naturally to the investigation of another major theme, the discrepancy between appearance and reality. Shakespeare uses the problems of illusion, deception and subjectivity of perception to examine the Elizabethan patriarchy, and he shows†¦show more content†¦Hero’s shame could have been avoided. Noting is one of the plays main preoccupations, and making observation integral to the plot demonstrates and emphasises its importance. Because noting/observing has such importance in Messina (and, by implication, Elizabethan society), manipulation and deception are used by the dark forces in the play to exercise power and control. Don John is a stock Elizabethan villain whose intention is to harm all those involved in his downfall – especially Claudio. Twice he tries to convince Claudio that Hero favours another. These episodes both involve deception and slander and this malevolence distorts Claudio’s perception of the events. Both times Claudio notes incorrectly and his willingness to believe falsehoods and attribute blame – first to beauty (â€Å"for beauty is a witch† 2. 1. 135), then to Hero’s base nature (â€Å"savage sensuality† 4.1. 135) – also point to self-deception about love, honour and women. Claudio’s failure to distinguish appearance from reality is brought about by his romantic idealism. Hero becomes an illusion in which all womanly virtue and be auty are contained (â€Å"Can the world buy such a jewel† 1.1.108-109). He can not note Hero’s flesh and blood humanity and, later, he can not note her innocence. His devotion to courtly ideals seems to be the real reason he can not distinguish appearance from reality and Don John’s slander only reinforces his naturalShow MoreRelatedMuch Ado About Nothing - the Importance of Noting1230 Words   |  5 PagescenterbDiscuss The Importance Of Noting In Much Ado About Nothing/b/center br brNoting, or observing, is central to many of the ideas in Much Ado About Nothing. The word nothing was pronounced as noting in Elizabethan times, and it seems reasonable to presume that the pun was intended by Shakespeare to signal the importance of observation, spying and eavesdropping in the play. As a plot device, these occurrences propel the action and create humour and tension. The perils of noting incorrectly areRead MoreEssay about Much Ado About Nothing: A Comedy with Dee p Meaning1270 Words   |  6 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing:   A Comedy with Deep Meaning  Ã‚  Ã‚      Much Ado About Nothing--the title sounds, to a modern ear, offhand and self-effacing; we might expect the play that follows such a beginning to be a marvelous piece of fluff and not much more. However, the play and the title itself are weightier than they initially seem. Shakespeare used two other such titles--Twelfth Night, or What You Will and As You Like It--both of which send unexpected reverberations of meaning throughout theirRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing: How Comedy Is Achieved858 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s famous play, â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†, highlights the conventions of a Shakespearean comedy. Good morning teacher and students, I’m here to talk to you about Shakespeare’s clever comedy achieved by many techniques to amuse his audience. The main purpose of a comedy is to entertain the audience; Shakespeare has effectively achieved this through his ideas and techniques. The play mainly consists of conventional and satirical comedy that stems from the characterization of Dogberry, theRead MoreAn Exploration of the Use Shakespeare Makes of Misunderstanding and Deception in the Play Much Ado About Nothing1470 Words   |  6 PagesAn exploration of the use Shakespeare makes of misunderstanding and deception in the play Much Ado About Nothing Misunderstanding and deception in Much Ado About Nothing are key themes in the play. In Elizabethan times the word â€Å"Nothing† was pronounced â€Å"Noting† and so the title would have given the audience the initial clue that in this play the importance of noting, spying, appearance and eavesdropping will cause trouble throughout. It is important to define the difference between misunderstandingRead More How Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing?1928 Words   |  8 PagesHow Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing? I believe eavesdropping plays a very important role in Much Ado. Therefore, I have chosen to answer this essay question, as I feel strongly about it. In the play, Shakespeare makes use of eavesdropping by using it as a comic device, but also to sort out situations so that the play is able to go on. I will be focussing upon two events in particular to show this. Each event will present a different form of eavesdropping being usedRead More Importance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III2277 Words   |  10 PagesImportance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and Richard III Speech is often the strongest indicator of personality and motivation in Shakespearean histories and comedies. Each turn of phrase is a small insight into the essence of the character. Stringing together each line from the mouth of the character allows the audience to discover each nuance created by Shakespeare. By connecting the actions to a manner of speech, which mirrors those actions, ShakespeareRead MoreWomen and the Patriarchal Society in Much Ado About Nothing1413 Words   |  6 PagesWomen and the Patriarchal Society The patriarchal society is a setting of ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ that shows male domination and women suppression. Men like Don Pedro, Benedick and Claudio returns with victory from the battle. It implies the boasted male ego. Male honor serves as a crucial importance to men in the play. Leonato questions the messager that ‘How many gentlemen have you lost in this action?’ It hints that physical strength is a definition of manhood. With Don Pedro, ClaudioRead MoreBenedick’s Change of Heart by the End of Act 2 Scene 3 of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing2295 Words   |  10 PagesShakespeares Much Ado About Nothing ‘Much ado about nothing’ is one of William Shakespeare’s popular comedy plays. With regards to the title of the play, the word ‘nothing’ in the title suggests it links with how characters in the play create so much bother about nothing. Speculation has occurred among people over the word ‘nothing’ in the play’s title. The word ‘nothing’ has a double meaning. Noting and nothing sounded identical in Shakespeare’s time. ‘Noting’ and ‘nothing’Read MoreThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night4384 Words   |  18 PagesThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The title Twelfth Night seems to suggest that Shakespeare, who wrote the play around 1602, wanted it to be performed on the twelfth day after Christmas; the festival of the Epiphany. This day formally marked the end of the Christmas season, which at the time was celebrated as a special festival. In addition to eating, drinking and generally over indulging, the performance of plays wasRead MoreLiterature and South Africa6682 Words   |  27 Pagespoem Mending Wall. As defined by Structuralist, literary codes that matter in our analysis per se are the literary signs, their overdetermination that amount to different meanings systems. Jong (2008: 111) posits â€Å"literary codes contain information about principles of repetition, repetition with variations, opposition and other modes of equivalence in a text.† This means that literary codes in poems, and according to Lotman, are comprised of intratextual code, intertextual code and extratextual code

Elephant (2003) Free Essays

On Tuesday, April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School near Denver, Colorado, two senior students embarked on a massacre, killing twelve students, one teacher, and injuring over twenty more students. The two troubled students then committed suicide. It is the fourth deadliest school massacre in United States history. We will write a custom essay sample on Elephant (2003) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The phrase â€Å"elephant in the room† is used as a metaphor to describe an obvious truth that goes unaddressed, or simply ignored. Everyone knows it is there, but no one will say what needs to be said, or acknowledge the problem that is in front of them. Gus Van Sant’s, Elephant, is a cinematic response to the 1999 Columbine High School shootings. Van Sant’s open-ended treatment of the Columbine event is one example of how his creative strategy is able to focus the social complexity behind the incident, and stimulate curiosity from the audience. This style of film steps far past the traditional boundaries to the point, demonstrating that this is only scratching the surface, suggesting that there is much more depth than what is shown in plain view. Elephant refuses to adjust to conventional views of cause and effect, and instead weaves an inescapable spell on its audience with its distinctive long takes, diegetic and non-diegetic sounds, and an interweaving, realistic narrative structure, all contributing to its remarkable visual harmony and an everlasting emotional affect on those who witness it. One creative strategy that Van Sant employs throughout the movie’s entirety is its distinctive, but unique long takes. This unconventional way of filming helps determine the atmosphere of the film as a whole. Van Sant takes the audience on a trancelike journey as the camera follows each character around the school. The action is moved along by the continual course of the camera tracking behind different students as they navigate the school halls, cafeteria, library, and football field. During these long takes, the audience is given the perspective of a passive witness to the action as it unfolds unavoidably. As a result, it becomes a slow-moving film with a snowballing and powerful impact. As Van Sant puts it, â€Å"No cutting is better than cutting. A fabricated story isn’t as good as something that’s more organic†(Van Sant). These long scenes are repeated, but through the eyes of different characters each revealing a new perspective of the scene, which increases the sympathy for these students who have no idea what is coming, but was already revealed to the audience. With these distinctive and realistic long takes, the scenes become preserved in the audiences memory due to what seems like a first hand experience of the traumatic event. Another key component to this movies inescapable spell that it places on its viewers is the use of diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Throughout the movie there is always a constant sound, whether it is the echoes of voices in the hallways and locker room, or the sound of Beethoven playing beneath the diegetic sounds. The use of these diegetic sounds help create a more realistic perspective for the audiences. As they follow behind each character closely, Van Sant makes sure to add every little detail he can to ensure that the audience gets as raw and as authentic of a view as possible. For example, the group of young girls in the cafeteria or in the locker room, there are no sound affects added, what you see is what you hear, creating a naturalistic atmosphere. As another way to increase the tension, Van Sant strategically places the non-diegetic sound of a piano playing classical music to create an ominous mood in the selected scenes. There are only a few scenes at which the piano is played, and it easily goes unnoticed. The sounds of classical music playing beneath the diegetic sounds places the audiences in a dreamlike state, as all they can do is sit back and watch as the story unfolds. The interweaving and realistic narrative structure of this film helps show the multiple points of views of this tragedy, giving the audience the ability to become â€Å"the ideal imaginary observer† and feel as close to the real thing as possible. After reviewing the film, Manohla Dargis of the LA Times states, â€Å"Every so often, Van Sant repeats a scene from another perspective, as if he were winding back time, and decelerates the bustling to put the film into slow motion so we can pay witness to this heartbreaking animation, to the aliveness of these children. I think this is why Van Sant made â€Å"Elephant† — he wants to honor the lives of the Columbine dead, to remember all the kids in their radiant, burning life. †(Dargis). The same scenes are replayed multiple times from different perspectives to show the magnitude of the situation, and just how powerful what is taking place really is. Instead of casting big name actors, Van Sant casts regular high school teenagers, who improvise their dialogue to make it seem as realistic as he could. By keeping this narrative structure away from the glamour and artificiality of classic Hollywood films, Van Sant allows the story to unfold naturally and is able to preserve the films true meaning, which is to focus on the traumatic event that is right in plain view, but yet no one wants to address. Throughout the film, the audience is given an in depth look at what took place that tragic day. As far as authenticity, this film is as realistic of an interpretation as there can be without dipping into the glamour of Hollywood, and distortion for the sake of a better script. This film is as real as it gets, and it is because of the creative, non-traditional style that Van Sant employs throughout it. There are several different elements that go into creating this film, such as an interweaving narrative structure, or the use of creative and unique shots that help make it extremely impactful. Some elements can be seen with the naked eye; others require a little bit more intellect. Regardless of whether or not the audience can see why this film is more creative and spell bounding than the next, they at least know something is there like the elephant in the room. How to cite Elephant (2003), Papers

The Successful Flame free essay sample

The Successful Flame There was a stench when the door opened. Everything smelled like smoke. The refrigerator went from white to gray. The couches were destroyed. Windows were tinted with a smoky fog. Clothes were ruined and scattered on the floor. Everything was a disaster. The house that I once called a home was gone forever. My house was set on fire and there was no going back. There was no such thing as putting the pieces back together. The house was gone. For half of my seventh grade year, I woke up in a room that was not mine; I lived in a hotel for six months. The bills were covered by insurance. Most would say that to have the experience of living in a hotel is remarkable, but I missed my old life. I owned nothing in the hotel room. Living in a hotel is a great experience in the beginning, but after a while things can get boring. We will write a custom essay sample on The Successful Flame or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The drive to school took almost two hours. Before I moved it would take five minutes. ‘’ Everything will be fine. It will take some progress and hard work,’’ my parents said. These words were imprinted into my mind. With hard work, comes success. I started to notice that my parents were working more often. It was as if we started from scratch. With time, I noticed a change. Since my parents were working more, my sisters and I would stay at my grandmother’s house for a few days each time. When we would go back to the hotel, there would be gifts on our beds. The excitement of receiving new outfits, shoes, and games overpowered the pain that was once there. After all of the tiring nights, from working long hours, my parents were happy. Nothing came easy for them, but the smile on our faces was their reward and appreciation. My parent’s careers allowed for their hard work to pay off because after six months of living in a hotel, driving me and my sisters to school every morning , and starting from scratch, we were in a home of our own. The new home relinquished the painful memories of my old house being destroyed. The flames opened up a barrier that I had inside of me that could have held me back from reality and success. Before the fire, I expected things to be handed to me. Throughout my life, I will strive and do my best at everything so that in the end I will be fortunate. College would allow me to have a career of my own that will contribute to a lifestyle where I could handle life’s milestones. The memories of the chaos will last forever, but the outcome of the fire will be my success. Since the fire, I have been motivated to attend college. Not only will college be a great experience, college will also be a great opportunity. Attending college is my first priority in life. Once I reach my goal, to attend college, I will strive to be committed to my career. My career choice is to become a nurse. My mother was a nurse during the time when the fire occurred. My mother was prepared financially to support the family because of her career. Nurses not only make a nice amount of money, but they also help people. I would love to be in he position to be able to make someone feel better. Helping others brings joy to me. Success does not only come from college. Others find ways to become successful people. The path that one wants to take is their decision. I choose to go to college to become successful. In my opinion, college is what best fits me and the lifestyle that I lean towards.

Transcendentalism Essays - Transcendentalism, Lecturers

Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is the belief that matters of ultimate reality transcend, or go beyond, human experience. Transcendentalist thinking began during the American Renaissance with writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. However transcendental thinking did not begin with Thoreau and Emerson, but as Emerson called it, ?it is the very oldest of thoughts cast into the mold of these new times.? Transcendentalism is based on the ancient philosophy of Idealism, which originates with Plato, a well-known philosopher from ancient Greece. Transcendentalism is an appropriate way of thinking for the period known as the American Renaissance because it puts one into a state of mind that is more conducive to creative writing and thought. Transcendentalism is a lot to swallow, especially for many people of that time. Herman Melville totally captured the common man's reaction to the whole concept when he said, ?what stuff all this is.? It really takes a trained mind to grasp the concept of this spiritual world that Emerson describes. Many people do not believe in things that they cannot see, hear, touch, taste, or smell, so the extremely abstract concept of transcendentalism is totally out of their reach. However, for the people that can grasp this idea, it is very fulfilling. Transcendentalism makes people feel closer to God, in tune with nature, and gives a person a sense of self-worth. A major aspect of transcendental thinking is the individual defiance against the established orders of society. Henry David Thoreau conveys his feeling about this when he says; ?That government is best which governs not at all.? He believes that the ineptitude of the political leaders far out-weighs the amount of good that they could do. He also states that ?They who have been bred in the school of politics fail now and always to face the facts.? In this, he means that politicians ignore reality when it does not serve their purpose. This is true for modern times as all can see in the present political situation of the United States. Politicians are ignoring reality to serve their own personal and partisan agendas. The transcendentalists even went as far as to set up their own communities, the most famous of which, Brook Farm. Brook Farm, a self-governing, experimental community, lasted only six years, (the longest of all the transcendental communities), is where many famous authors of the American Renaissance call home for a part of their lives, and is even the setting for Nathaniel Hawthorne's Blithedale Romance. Hawthorne lived at the Farm for a little while, but left because he could not stand the highly intellectual and spiritual conversation. Brook Farm was a great outlet for these people to express their ideas and communicate with people who share those same beliefs without the fear of persecution by people that did not understand. The transcendentalist movement can and often is compared to another famous movement in American history, the ?hippie? movement of the sixties. In many ways the ?hippies'? movement paralleled the transcendentalists', and the ?hippies? even form their own little communities, like Brook Farm, called communes. Both of these movements were important to help shape thinking, writing, and social ideals. The transcendentalist movement brings to the table an increased awareness of the world around oneself, with and a commitment to the spiritual aspects therein, and the ?hippie? movement in the sixties gives Americans an increased awareness of their fellow man, with and emphasis on freedom and love. The transcendentalist movement has many good aspects to it that if applied today, could still teach everyone a few things about themselves and their lives. Plato, Emerson, Thoreau, and many others really did have a level of intelligence that transcended their contemporaries and the generations and generations after them.

Forest Succession Stages and Maturity

Forest Succession Stages and Maturity Successional changes in plant communities were recognized and described well before the 20th century. Frederick E. Clements observations were developed into theory while he created the original vocabulary and published the first scientific explanation for the process of succession in his book, Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. It is very interesting to note that sixty years earlier, Henry David Thoreau described forest succession for the first time in his book, The Succession of Forest Trees. Plant Succession Trees play a major role in creating terrestrial plant cover when conditions develop to the point where some bare-ground and soil is present. Trees grow alongside grasses, herbs, ferns, and shrubs and compete with these species for future plant community replacement and their own survival as a species. The process of that race toward a stable, mature, climax plant community is called succession which follows a successional pathway and each major step reached along the way is called a new seral stage. Primary succession typically occurs very slowly when site conditions are unfriendly to most plants but where a few unique plant species can catch, hold, and thrive. Trees are not often present under these initial harsh conditions. Plants and animals resilient enough to first colonize such sites are the base community that kick starts the complex development of soil and refines the local climate. Site examples of this would be rocks and cliffs, dunes, glacial till, and volcanic ash. Both primary and secondary sites in initial succession are characterized by full exposure to the sun, violent fluctuations in temperatures, and rapid changes in moisture conditions. Only the hardiest of organisms can adapt at first. Secondary succession tends to happen most often on abandoned fields, dirt, and gravel fills, roadside cuts, and after poor logging practices where disturbance has occurred. It can also start very rapidly where the existing community is completely destroyed by fire, flood, wind, or destructive pests. Clements defines the succession mechanism as a process involving several phases when on completion is called a sere. These phases are: 1.) Development of a bare site called Nudism; 2.) Introduction of living regenerative plant material called Migration; 3.) Establishment of vegetative growth called Ecesis; 4.) Plant competition for space, light, and nutrients called Competition; 5.) Plant community changes that affect the habitat called Reaction; 6.) Final development of a climax community called Stabilization. Forest Succession in More Detail Forest succession is considered a secondary succession in most field biology and forest ecology texts but also has its own particular vocabulary. The forest process follows a timeline of tree species replacement and in this order: from pioneer seedlings and saplings to transition forest to young growth forest to mature forest to old growth forest. Foresters generally manage stands of trees that are developing as part of a secondary succession. The most important tree species in terms of economic value are a part of one of several serial stages below the climax. It is, therefore, important that a forester manage his forest by controlling the tendency of that community to move toward a climax species forest. As presented in the forestry text, Principles of Silviculture, Second Edition, foresters use silvicultural practices to maintain the stands in the seral stage that meets societys objectives most closely.

Leadership Skills in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Skills in Practice - Essay Example Leadership theories are diverse in their nature explaining and establishing different view points on the problem of leadership skills and effective management. Following Boehnke and Bontis (2001) the transforming leader recognizes an existing need for a potential follower, but then moves forward seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs (in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy) to engage the full person of the follower. The followers themselves may be converted into leaders. The main disadvantage is that the transforming leader is seen as a benevolent father who remains friendly and treats the employee as a child and a less experienced person(Barker 2001). The leader provides a model of integrity and fairness with people as well as being one who set clear and high standards of performance (Segriovanni & Glickman 2006). Other characteristics less frequently mentioned include: seeking others' highest good, treating others with dignity, showing respect for others and genuine interest in th em. A transformational leader can be seen to be firm and to reprimand when necessary, to give autonomy to followers, to encourage self-development of followers, to be participative, to be willing to teach followers, and to mix easily socially with followers (Armandi et al 2003). The advantages of participative (democratic) leadership are that it allows greater independence to employees and values individual culture and uniqueness of everyone. Good administration is the hallmark of good management and the proper and efficient use of resources. Managers become leaders when their personality and character, their knowledge and functional skills of leadership are recognized and accepted by the others involved. The main disadvantage is absence of strong power and influence upon employees. Situational leadership allows organizations to overcome current problems and respond effectively to coming changes. Leadership may be exercised from any direction in the space, or any value location, depending upon the dynamic constellation of the pattern of unification polarization in the group at a particular time, thus, depending upon one's value system, leadership at a given time may be malevolent as well as benevolent. Servant leadership is marked by great responsibility to wards society and his follows, the organization and customer. A person may be appointed or elected as leader with the expectation that he or she will lead in a particular direction or directions of behavior and value realization, but may find that to hold leadership under changing conditions of polarization and unification, he or she must deviate from the expected directions, at times even need to controvert them (Hoyle and Wilmore 2002). In contrast to other theories, servant leader does not respond effectively to economic and social changes limited by social responsibility and ethical issues. All the theories mentioned above, transformational and participative (democratic), servant and situational leadership, can be effectively used Tesco and its management. The effective leader for Tesco stores as the kind of